How China Export Actually Works: FOB, Freight, Customs & Documents

The Purpose of a Trading Company in Export

A competent export trading partner does three things: sources competitively, manages quality, and handles the export paperwork that trips up direct-factory buyers. Knowing how the process works helps you buy with confidence.

Incoterms: Choose the Right One for Your Risk

EXW (you handle everything after factory pickup), FOB (seller delivers to the port and loads the ship), CIF (seller covers insurance and freight to destination). Most China exporters quote FOB Tianjin or FOB Shanghai — clear, standard, and low-risk for both sides.

Export Documents You'll Actually Need

Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading, Certificate of Origin, and for many products a Health Certificate or other compliance docs. A reliable partner prepares these correctly — errors here delay customs and cost money.

Customs Clearance in 3 Steps

First, the export declaration is filed by the seller's agent with the HS code and declared value. Second, customs may inspect (usually random or high-risk). Third, the goods are released for loading and the Bill of Lading issues. Import-side clearance in your country is a separate, destination-specific step.

How to De-risk Your First Order

Start with a small order or sample, use a secured payment method (T/T deposit + balance against B/L copy is standard), agree QC checks before shipment, and insist on a packing list that matches the cargo. A trustworthy partner protects you from the classic pitfalls of overseas buying.